Things in Programming

Types of Things in Programming

• Variables – Stored data
• Functions – code that does stuff
• Loops – A function that runs when its conditions are met

Variables:

• There are 6 important types of variables:
• Integers – Any whole number
  • Floats – Floating point number, any decimal
• Null – No value (NOT THE SAME AS 0)
  • Chars – Single characters, can be letters or numbers
• Boolean – True/False
• String – Anything that doesn’t fit into the above categories. ALWAYS has to be enclosed in quote marks
• Variables tend to be created with the following structure:
  • =
• For example: int hello = 5
• Create an integer named “hello” that has the value of 5
• If the command value(hello) is called, the interpreter will return 5
• NOTE: VARIABLE NAMES CANNOT CONTAIN SPACES!!!

Functions

• Commands that do things, for example:
  • echo/log/print to print text
• add(1,2) will compute 1+2 and return 3
• Functions are specific to programming languages
• Functions can also be created using def(), func() or function()
  • For Example:

def hello_world():
    print(“Hello world!”)

- Would generate the output:

Hello world!

## Loops - Loops are functions that execute if their conditions are met - Types of loops include: - If loops: IF Condition is met, do XYZ - While loops: WHILE Condition is met, do XYZ - For loops: iterates over a sequence - Example: for every letter in string(“banana”), add 1 to int(number_of_letters) - Will result in int(number_of_letters) to equal 6 - Loops can be nested inside one another.